Allergen Immunotherapy
What is Allergen Immunotherapy?
Allergen immunotherapy involves administering gradually increasing doses of allergens to a patient over time. The goal is to desensitize the immune system, reducing the severity of allergic reactions. This treatment is highly effective for conditions like allergic rhinitis, asthma, and insect venom allergies.
Two primary forms of allergen immunotherapy are:
- Subcutaneous Immunotherapy (SCIT): Administered via injections.
- Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT): Administered as tablets or drops placed under the tongue.
How Does Allergen Immunotherapy Work?
Allergen immunotherapy works by gradually exposing the immune system to the allergen, allowing it to build tolerance over time. This process reduces the body's sensitivity to the allergen, thereby minimizing symptoms during future exposures.
Subcutaneous Immunotherapy (SCIT)
- SCIT, commonly known as “allergy shots,” is the most traditional form of allergen immunotherapy.
- Treatment involves regular injections, typically once a week during the build-up phase, followed by maintenance doses every few weeks.
- SCIT is effective for a wide range of allergens, including pollen, dust mites, and pet dander.
Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT)
- SLIT is a needle-free alternative, making it particularly appealing for children.
- Patients self-administer allergen tablets or drops under the tongue daily.
- SLIT is primarily used to treat dust mites and pollen allergies
Benefits of Allergen Immunotherapy
- Long-Term Relief: Unlike medications that temporarily manage symptoms, immunotherapy addresses the root cause of allergies.
- Reduction in Medication Use: Many patients report a decreased need for antihistamines and other allergy medications.
- Improved Quality of Life: Better symptom control allows children to participate more fully in daily activities and enjoy life without constant allergy interruptions.
Risks and Side Effects
While allergen immunotherapy is generally safe, potential risks include:
- Local reactions such as redness or swelling at the injection site (for SCIT).
- Mild oral itching or discomfort with SLIT.
- Rarely, systemic allergic reactions like anaphylaxis.
To mitigate risks, SCIT is administered in a clinical setting, where immediate medical care is available if needed. SLIT is administered at home and no severe allergy reactions have been observed.
Who Can Benefit from Allergen Immunotherapy?
Allergen immunotherapy is recommended for:
- Children and adults with moderate to severe allergic rhinitis or asthma.
- Individuals with allergies that significantly impact their quality of life.
- Patients who do not respond well to traditional allergy medications.
Allergen Immunotherapy Services at BLK MAX and Children’s Chest Clinic
Facilities for sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) and subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) are available at BLK Max Hospital and Children’s Chest Clinic, New Delhi.
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What is the difference between SCIT and SLIT?
SCIT involves allergy shots administered by a healthcare provider, while SLIT uses allergen tablets or drops that are taken under the tongue at home. Both are effective but cater to different patient needs.
2. How long does allergen immunotherapy take?
Treatment typically lasts 3-5 years, including the build-up and maintenance phases. The duration depends on the severity of allergies and patient response.
3. Is allergen immunotherapy safe for children?
Yes, allergen immunotherapy is safe for children and can be started as early as five years old, depending on the child’s health and allergy profile.
4. Can allergen immunotherapy cure allergies?
While it may not cure allergies entirely, immunotherapy significantly reduces symptoms and improves tolerance, offering lasting relief.
5. Are there any alternatives to injections for children afraid of needles?
Yes, SLIT is an excellent alternative for needle-averse patients. It is easy to administer and has a favorable safety profile.
