Skin Prick Test
What Is a Skin Prick Test?
The Skin prick testing (SPT) is one of the most common and effective forms of allergy testing used by pediatric pulmonologists or allergists to determine what specific substances (allergens) may be causing allergic reactions in children. It involves applying tiny amounts of potential allergens to the skin and observing how the body reacts.
The test is typically conducted on the forearm or back, where small drops of allergen extracts are placed on the skin. A tiny needle is then used to prick the skin’s surface, allowing the allergen to enter the skin’s outer layer. After about 15-20 minutes, the skin is examined for signs of an allergic reaction.
A raised, red, itchy bump (similar to a mosquito bite) indicates a positive reaction, meaning that your child is allergic to that particular substance. A lack of any reaction suggests that your child is not allergic to that specific allergen.
Why Is the Skin prick testing (SPT) Important for Allergy Diagnosis?
The Skin prick testing (SPT) helps pediatric pulmonologists or allergist identify allergens that trigger asthma, nasal allergy, eye allergy, atopic eczema and food allergy in children. By pinpointing the cause of allergic reactions, we can better manage symptoms and recommend appropriate treatment, such as medications, lifestyle changes, or immunotherapy (allergy shots). This is crucial for improving your child’s quality of life and minimizing the risk of severe allergic reactions.
What substances can be tested?
The commonest substances for which Skin prick testing (SPT) is performed is aeroallergens. These are the allergens which are present in the child’s environment (home, school or outside environment). The common indoor allergens are dust mites, moulds, cockroach, cat and dog dander. The most common outdoor allergens are pollens of trees, weeds and grasses.
Skin prick testing (SPT) can also be performed for a wide range of foods such as milk, egg, soya, nuts (peanuts, cashew nut, walnut, almond, pistachio), fish and sea food. For some foods commercial allergens are not available e.g. fruits like banana, apple etc. In such situations a prick-prick test is done where a fresh food is used for the test.
How the Skin prick testing (SPT) Works?
- Preparation: Before the test we will take a thorough history of your child’s symptoms, family medical history, and any known allergic reactions.
- Application of Allergen Drops: A small drop of different allergens—such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, mold, and certain foods—is placed on your child’s skin.
- Pricking the Skin: A small, sterile needle is used to gently prick the skin through each drop, allowing the allergen to penetrate the outer skin layer. This process is quick and relatively painless.
- Observation: The test is observed for about 15 to 20 minutes, and any allergic reactions (red, swollen, itchy bumps) are noted.
- Results: Based on the size and intensity of the reaction, we can determine which allergens are causing your child’s symptoms.
Benefits of the Skin prick testing (SPT)
- Fast and Accurate: Results are typically available in 15-20 minutes, making it a fast and reliable diagnostic tool.
- Safe for Children: The Skin Prick Test is minimally invasive and generally safe for children of all ages, including infants.
- Helps Tailor Treatment Plans: By identifying the specific allergens causing your child’s symptoms, the test enables doctors to recommend the best course of treatment.
- Cost-Effective: Compared to other allergy tests, the Skin Prick Test is relatively affordable and widely available.
Is the Skin prick testing (SPT) Right for Your Child?
If your child suffers from frequent allergic reactions, the Skin prick testing (SPT) could be an essential tool in diagnosing the specific triggers and helping manage symptoms more effectively. By identifying the allergens responsible, you and your pediatric pulmonologist can create a tailored treatment plan that reduces your child’s exposure to these triggers and improves their overall quality of life.
Conclusion
Skin Prick Testing facility at Children's Chest Clinic and BLK MAX Hospital
Facility for performing Skin Prick Test is available at Children’s Chest Clinic and BLK MAX Hospital
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Is the Skin prick testing (SPT) painful for children?
The Skin prick testing (SPT) is generally not painful since we just scratch the upper layer of skin (also called epidermis) which do not have pain fibers. While your child may feel a small pinch when the lancet pricks the skin, it’s typically a very brief sensation. The test is considered to be much less uncomfortable than a blood test, making it ideal for younger children. There is no bleeding since there are no blood vessels in the top layer of the skin.
2. How accurate is the Skin prick testing (SPT)?
The Skin prick testing (SPT) is highly accurate and can identify most common allergens that cause reactions in children. However, in some cases, false positives or false negatives can occur. It’s important to follow up with your pediatric pulmonologist to interpret the results in the context of your child’s symptoms.
3. Are there any risks associated with the Skin prick testing (SPT)?
The Skin prick testing (SPT) is safe for most children. The wheal and flare may feel itchy for which some cold compresses can be used or a single dose of anti-histamine can be given. Severe allergic reactions from skin prick testing are extremely rare.
4. How do I prepare my child for the Skin prick testing (SPT)?
Preparation is simple. Your pediatric pulmonologist may advise you to stop your child’s antihistamines or certain other medications before the test, as they can interfere with the results. You should also inform the doctor about any existing allergies or skin conditions, such as eczema, which might affect the test.
5. How long do the results of the Skin prick testing (SPT) last?
The results of the Skin prick testing (SPT) are typically valid for several months or even years. However, as your child grows or if symptoms change, child might acquire new allergies or some mide fade away, necessitating additional testing.
