Eye Allergy in Children
What is Allergic Conjunctivitis?
Allergic conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the clear tissue covering the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids. It occurs due to an allergic reaction when the immune system overreacts to allergens like pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or mold spores.
Symptoms of Eye Allergy in Children
Children with allergic conjunctivitis may exhibit one or more of the following symptoms:
- Red Eye: The white part of the eye appears bloodshot or inflamed.
- Itchy Eye: Constant rubbing due to itching can worsen the condition.
- Watery Eye: Excessive tearing without discharge.
- Swollen Eyelids: Puffiness around the eyes.
- Light Sensitivity: Increased sensitivity to bright light.
These symptoms are often seasonal, occurring during spring and fall due to pollen, but they can also be perennial if caused by indoor allergens.
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis is an advanced stage of disease where the cornea can get involved and requires early and proper diagnosis.
Causes and Triggers
Eye allergies are triggered when allergens come into contact with the eyes, leading to the release of histamine and other inflammatory substances. Common triggers include:
- Pollen: From trees, grasses, and weeds.
- Dust Mites: Found in bedding and carpets.
- Pet Dander: From cats, dogs, and other animals.
- Mold Spores: In damp environments.
- Irritants: Smoke, pollution, and strong odors.
Diagnosing Allergic Conjunctivitis
A pediatric allergist or ophthalmologist will evaluate the child’s medical history, symptoms, and exposure to allergens. Investigations are required to identify the specific allergens (substance to which the child is allergic) causing allergic conjunctivitis. Skin prick test is the most sensitive and specific test to identify the culprit allergen causing allergy in a child. Blood tests with Immunocap can also be done to identify the cause of allergy.
Managing Eye Allergies in Children
Avoiding Allergens:
- Keep windows closed during high pollen seasons.
- Wash hands and face frequently to remove allergens.
Cold Compresses:
- Applying a cold compress can reduce redness, swelling, and itching.
Eye Drops:
- Artificial Tears: Ocular surface lubricating agents or artificial tears help in diluting and removing antigens and inflammatory mediators from the eye. In addition artificial tears help in soothing irritation.
- Dual Action Agents (Mast Cell Stabilizers Antihistamine) Eye Drops: The most commonly used medicine in children with allergic conjunctivitis is a topical dual antihistamine and mast cell stabilizers like Olopatadine and Bepotastine.
- Topical steroids: Topical eye specific steroids like Loteprednol are very useful for short term use.
Oral anti histamines Medications:
- Oral antihistamines may be recommended for severe cases affecting both the eyes and nose.
Allergen Immunotherapy:
- Children having persistent and problematic allergic conjunctivitis benefit from allergen immunotherapy or desensitization for long term benefit.
Allergic conjunctivitis can be distressing for children, but with proper management, its impact can be minimized. Preventive measures, medications, and timely intervention can provide relief and improve your child’s comfort.
For expert advice and care, Get in touch with the pediatric allergist to address your child’s eye allergy concerns effectively.
Conclusion
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. How can I tell if my child has allergic conjunctivitis or an eye infection?
Allergic conjunctivitis causes watery eyes without discharge, while infections typically produce yellow or green discharge and may cause pain. Children with eye allergy have intense itching which does not happen with eye infections.
2. Can allergic conjunctivitis affect vision?
While it doesn’t usually affect vision permanently, severe itching or swelling can cause temporary blurriness. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis is an advanced form of eye allergy where the cornea is involved. In such situations, the vision can get affected if not treated timely.
3. Are there natural remedies for allergic conjunctivitis?
Cold compresses and artificial tears are effective natural remedies for mild symptoms.
4. How long do eye allergies last?
Symptoms may last as long as the child is exposed to allergens. Seasonal allergies typically subside when pollen levels decrease but many children have round the year allergy is due to exposure to indoor allergens.
5. Should my child wear glasses during eye allergies?
Glasses can provide a barrier against airborne allergens, offering some protection.
